Redeveloping Kakabeka Falls Generating Station

Kakabeka Falls Generating Station (GS) has been producing clean, renewable electricity for 118 years, making it the second-oldest facility in OPG’s hydroelectric fleet and much of its original equipment from 1906 is still in operation.

This four-unit station generates clean, reliable power at a peak output of about 25 MW – enough to power about 25,000 homes in the Thunder Bay area.

Like all hydroelectric stations, Kakabeka Falls GS has a life expectancy, and is reaching the end of its service life. In preparation, OPG has committed to redeveloping the station to ensure it can continue to reliably generate sustainable energy, while maintaining public safety, optimizing power generation and more efficiently use the available river flows.

Inside the turbine hall of Kakabeka Falls GSKakabeka Falls (GS) is located in Northwestern Ontario in the Municipality of Oliver Paipoonge on the eastern bank of the Kaministiquia River, just downstream of Kakabeka Falls and approximately 29 kilometres west of Thunder Bay. The Kakabeka Falls GS is also located within the traditional territory of Fort William First Nation, Red Sky Métis Independent Nation and the Métis Nation of Ontario (Region 2), and within the Kaministiquia River watershed.

Kakabeka Falls GS is owned and operated by OPG. Kakabeka Falls GS is a four-unit hydroelectric power generating facility that is controlled remotely from the Northwest Control Centre in Thunder Bay. The Station includes the following structures:

  • Powerhouse – approximately 67 m long, 16 m wide, and 9 m high, with an adjoining valve house, machine shop, and switching tower located at the south end.
  • Four original penstocks – one for each turbine-generation unit composed of riveted steel plate construction.
  • Surge building – a concrete chamber located just north of the powerhouse with a timber superstructure and overflow weir.
  • Subsurface aqueduct – an underground concrete pipeline, approximately 1980 m long and 5 m in internal diameter, extending from the intake to the surge tank.
  • Main control dam and intake.
  • Other structures – Various access roads, parking areas, and ancillary buildings, as well as debris booms and public safety booms.

The station generates clean, reliable power with enough capacity to power about 25,000 homes.

Kakabeka Falls GS is expected to reach ‘end of life’ in 2025. As such, the Station is scheduled for redevelopment. The redevelopment will ensure Kakabeka Falls GS will continue to reliably generate sustainable energy while improving public safety, optimizing power generation, and more efficiently using the available river flows, as per the Water Management Plan.

Redevelopment will extend the station’s operating life by 90 years and increase its generating capacity to approximately 27 MW (a 12% increase). The scope of the project will include the following upgrades:

  • Construction of a new powerhouse extension upstream of the existing powerhouse.
  • Replacement of existing generating units with two new Francis-type turbines.
  • Replacement of existing surge building.
  • Replacement of existing four penstocks with the installation of two new buried penstocks.
  • Construction start – March 2025
  • Target return to service – 2028

Waterpower facilities in Ontario are subject to the Environmental Assessment Act (EA Act). The EA Act formally recognizes the Ontario Waterpower Association (OWA) Class EA for Waterpower Projects (May 2022), which provides a planning process that allows waterpower facility proponents to assess potential effects of a waterpower project to the environment.

Section 3.2.1 of the OWA Class EA outlines exemption criteria that apply to waterpower projects. Through discussion with the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP) they have advised that the Kakabeka Falls GS is defined as a Category A project based on the following criteria:

  • The Kakabeka Falls GS was constructed in 1906 prior to the EA Act.
  • The project will have minimal new effects on the environment.
  • The proposed redevelopment of the GS will result in an increase in nameplate capacity of less than 25%, and the increase in the footprint is less than 25%.
  • There are no changes to water levels and flows under the existing Water Management Plan (WMP).
  • There are no changes to the Lake Sturgeon Mitigation Plan.
  • Best management practices and mitigation measures identified during the environmental permitting process will eliminate or minimize adverse effects from construction.

As a Category A project, the Kakabeka Falls GS is exempt from the EA Act and therefore the OWA Class EA. As a result, the Kakabeka Falls GS Redevelopment project does not trigger an Environmental Assessment.

Although Category A projects under the OWA Class EA do not require consultation, OPG is committed to keeping Indigenous communities, the public, and other key stakeholders informed.

To date, OPG has already completed the following environmental baseline studies to support permitting during the construction phase:

  • Fisheries
  • Terrestrial
  • Physical Environment
  • Cultural Heritage
  • Archaeology
  • Climate Change Workshops

The information collected will inform our understanding of what the current environment looks like today and support efforts to avoid, minimize, or mitigate potential impacts of the proposed project.

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